What are ‘GeoJute’ and ‘GeoGrids’? How does IR prevent soil erosion in the areas where track is laid?

19-07-2019

Erosion of the soil around a track formation can be quite dangerous as the track may subside or warp and move. In many cases IR simply encourages the local shrubby vegetation to grow in the areas near the track to stem the erosion. Where severe erosion is a problem, 'GeoJute' has been used. This is an ecologically safe material made of jute yarn with a coarse open mesh structure. This is placed on the affected portions of the embankment or cutting after removing clods, large stones, etc., and appropriate scrubby vegetation is seeded in the area. The jute yarn is biodegradable and disappears after a while, but by that time the vegetation has had a chance to take root and grow firmly in the

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What indications do signals show and what do they mean?
July 14, 2019

The most common indications shown by various signals are the following: Stop This requires a train to stop dead and not pass the signal except under special instructions or emergency procedures. (Stop signals may be passed after halting and waiting in automatic block territory – usually 1 min. during the day & 2 min. during the night.) This

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What are the systems of colour-light signalling used by IR?
July 14, 2019

There are three systems of colour-light signalling in use. (In IR terminology, the term Multiple-Aspect Colour-Light signalling includes both 3- and 4-aspect signalling, and 2-aspect signalling is usually treated as a variant of 2-aspect semaphore signalling. Hence the classification below is not the same as IR's.) Two-aspect colour-light

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What are ‘single-wire’ and ‘double-wire’ signalling?
July 14, 2019

'Single-wire' apparatus, as the name implies, utilizes a single wire or cable connecting the signal lever at the cabin or elsewhere where the signal frame is located, to the actual semaphore mechanism on the signal post. Operating the signal lever to take the signal off causes the transmission wire to be pulled, moving the semaphore arm to the

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What are the systems of semaphore signalling used by IR?
July 14, 2019

In IR's lower quadrant system (Two-aspect Lower Quadrant) the semaphore arm can only be in two positions. The horizontal on position shows the most restrictive indication (requiring the train to stop or slow down or proceed with caution depending on the kind of signal), and a lowered position where the semaphore arm is at about 60 degrees or more

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What types of signalling systems are used on IR?
July 14, 2019

R uses several forms of signalling. In IR manuals reference is made usually only to 4 main types of systems, Lower Quadrant semaphore, Modified Lower Quadrant semaphore, Multiple Aspect Upper Quadrant semaphore, and multiple-aspect colour-light signalling. But in practice there are some variations in the kinds of colour-light signalling seen, so

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What kinds of signals (semaphores, lamps, etc.) does IR use?
July 14, 2019

IR uses several kinds of signals. Semaphore signals have generally given way to colour-light signals although there are still many places with semaphore signalling in use. Semaphore signals are the older style signals seen widely throughout the country, where each signal has an assembly with an arm mounted on a mast, where the arm can move

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