What tolerances of gauge does IR permit?

19-07-2019

Broad Gauge Deviations allowed from nominal gauge: -5mm to +3mm on straights and curves over 350m radius, and up to +10mm on curves sharper than 350m radius. (The older specifications were: On straight sections, a deviation of +/- 6mm; and on curves a deviation of up to +20mm/-6mm.) High-speed sections (130+ km/h) have tighter tolerances of +/- 2mm. Meter Gauge Deviations allowed from nominal gauge: -2mm to +3mm on straights and curves over 290m radius; and up to +10mm on curves sharper than 290mm radius. (The older specifications were: On straight sections, a deviation of +/- 3mm, and on curves a deviation of up to +15mm / -3mm; on particulary sharp curves the deviation could be up to +20

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What does ‘ahead’ or ‘behind’, ‘advanced’ or ‘retarded’, or ‘front’ or ‘rear’ mean when referring to a track or signals?
July 14, 2019

All orientation terms used when talking about track, points, signals, stations, etc. are given from the point of view of the driver of a train looking in the direction that the train is moving. Thus, a signal may be ahead of him or behind him. A signal or station that he is approaching is referred to as being in front, and one that he has passed

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Sometimes a signal pole is observed to carry one signal at normal height and another much higher up; what are those? Or, what are Co-acting Signals?
July 14, 2019

A co-acting signal is a duplicate signal provided on the same mast as a stop signal, which always shows the same indication as that stop signal. The purpose of such a co-acting signal is to allow a continuous unobstructed view of the signal indication from all positions where a driver might need to observe it, in cases where an overbridge or other

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What is the purpose of the white lamps fitted to the rear of signals?
July 14, 2019

Signals that face away from the signal cabin are provided with back lights to enable the signal operator to see the aspect of the signal. Normally a single white lamp is lit when the signal is on, and no lamp is lit otherwise. For stop signals that can show the Attention indication, two white lamps are visible in the on aspect and no lamps

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What does it mean when a colour-light signal does not face along the tracks but points away?
July 14, 2019

Colour-light signals that are not in use (just set up but not yet commissioned, or in the process of being decommissioned) are often turned to point away from the tracks, so that it is clear to all locomotive drivers that the signal is not in service. Otherwise, it would be treated as an active signal that is malfunctioning (lamps burnt out),

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What do the rings, bars, etc. found on some signals mean?
July 14, 2019

Stop signals controlling the approach to goods yards or goods-only lines have a black ring fixed to the end of the semaphore arm. No corresponding indication is provided in colour-light territory. Similarly, semaphore signals controlling lines for dock platforms have a black semicircle (in the shape of a 'D') fixed to the end of the semaphore arm.

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How do signals refer to specific lines in the case of diverging and converging routes?
July 14, 2019

Multiple signals may be mounted on a signal assembly (bracket post, signal gantry, etc.) to provide signal indications for diverging routes. The signals from left to right correspond to the diverging routes from left to right. If one of the routes is the main line, the signal for it is usually placed higher than the others (the maximum permissible

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